DISCLAIMER:  Any unofficial case summaries below are prepared by the clerk's office
                        as a courtesy to the reader. They are not part of the opinion of the court.

032017P.pdf   06/08/2004  USA  v.  Jean Bertling
   U.S. Court of Appeals Case No:  03-2017
   Northern District of Iowa   
   Criminal Case - criminal. District court did not abuse its discretion in 
   denying application for expert services of domestic violence expert 
   because expert's testimony of general nature was not necessary. 
   Defendant did not request hearing on request and district court was 
   independently familiar with the subject matter from her experience on the 
   bench. Based on the evidence, district court was not required to find 
   defendant substantially less culpable than the average participant to be 
   entitled to two-level reduction for being a minor participant and district 
   court did not clearly err in denying reduction. [PUBLISHED] [M.Arnold, 
   Author]