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083288P.pdf   08/31/2009  United States  v.  Refugio Pliego
   U.S. Court of Appeals Case No:  08-3288
   U.S. District Court for the District of Minnesota - St. Paul   
   [PUBLISHED] [Smith, Author, with Shepherd, Circuit Judge, and
   Stephen N. Limbaugh, Jr., District Judge]
   Criminal case - criminal law. Evidence was sufficient to support
   defendant's conviction for production of child pornography; district court
   did not err in refusing to instruct the jury that knowledge of the victim's
   age is an element of 18 U.S.C. Sec. 2251(a); lack of knowledge of the
   victim's age is not an affirmative defense to the charge; 18 U.S.C. Sec.
   2251(a) does not exceed Congress's authority under the Commerce
   Clause.