103552P.pdf   01/13/2012  Brook Bernini  v.  City of St. Paul
   U.S. Court of Appeals Case No:  10-3552
   U.S. District Court for the District of Minnesota - Minneapolis   
   [PUBLISHED] [Colloton, Author, with Clevenger and Benton, Circuit Judges]
   Civil case - Civil rights. In this Section 1983 action brought by persons
   detained or arrested during a protest at the 2008 Republican Convention
   in St. Paul, Minnesota, the district court did not err in finding that the
   officers in the case reasonably could have concluded that the group at the
   intersection of Shepard and Jackson had committed a crime and was
   acting as a unit to attempt to break police lines, thereby committing
   several state law offenses, including third degree riot and unlawful
   assembly; as a result, the police did not violate the clearly established
   rights of 16 plaintiffs who were present at the intersection and who were
   arrested in a nearby park; nor did the police violate the rights of 7 persons
   who were briefly detained at the park and then released as the detention
   was necessary to determine whether they were members of the group
   from the intersection; it was reasonable for officers to believe they could
   arrest another group of 9 plaintiffs who were acting as a unit with the
   protestors in their efforts to break police lines; record does not show that
   any of the defendants directly used force against any of the plaintiffs and
   plaintiffs' unlawful force claim fails; plaintiffs failed to make a submissible
   First Amendment retaliation claim as the officers could reasonably
   conclude that plaintiffs had violated Minnesota law and were engaged in
   non-protected speech; none of the defendants' actions were sufficient to
   impose Section 1983 liability on the City.