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142100P.pdf   06/16/2015  United States of America  v.  Geoffrey Gaffney
   U.S. Court of Appeals Case No:  14-2100
   U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Iowa, Waterloo   
   [PUBLISHED] [Benton, Author, with Beam and Bye, Circuit Judges] 
   Criminal case - Criminal case. Under the totality of the circumstances,the 
   district correctly concluded that the arresting officer's belief that 
   defendant was speeding was objectively reasonable and provided grounds for 
   the traffic stop; given the circumstances - a late night traffic stop in a 
   high-crime area, defendant's prior narcotics conviction and his extreme 
   nervousness - a pat-down search was supported by reasonable suspicion that 
   defendant could be armed and criminal activity was afoot. Judge Bye, 
   dissenting.