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                        as a courtesy to the reader. They are not part of the opinion of the court.

164006P.pdf   02/02/2018  United States  v.  Randy Metcalf
   U.S. Court of Appeals Case No:  16-4006
   U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Iowa - Dubuque   
   [PUBLISHED] [Wollman, Author, with Smith, Chief Judge, and Gruender, 
   Circuit Judge] 
   Criminal case - Criminal law. Constitutional challenge to the Matthew 
   Shephard and James Byrd, Jr., Hate Crimes Prevention Act of 2009, 18 
   U.S.C. Sec. 249(a)(1) rejected as Congress had the authority, under the 
   Thirteenth Amendment, to enact the legislation; evidence was sufficient to 
   support defendant's conviction for violating the Act; no error in denying 
   the defendant's request for a proposed instruction on character evidence.