172079P.pdf   02/07/2019  Sylvia Perkins  v.  Joshua Hastings
   U.S. Court of Appeals Case No:  17-2079
   U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Arkansas - Little Rock   
   [PUBLISHED] [Wollman, Author, with Smith, Chief Judge, and Loken, Circuit 
   Judge] 
   Civil case - Civil rights. In action alleging defendant City of Little 
   Rock violated plaintiff's son's Fourth Amendment rights by failing to 
   adequately investigate police misconduct, plaintiff failed to establish a 
   municipal custom based on failure to prevent police misconduct as she did 
   not show the city acted with deliberate indifference to the rights of 
   persons with whom its officers came into contact; the court did not err in 
   requiring plaintiff to establish a pattern of constitutional violations to 
   prove her claim and plaintiff's evidence of officer-involved shootings did 
   not establish deliberate indifference to a pattern of excessive force; for 
   the same reason, the district court did not err in granting the City's 
   motion for summary judgment on plaintiff's claim that the City had failed 
   to train or supervise its officers; plaintiff's evidence was insufficient 
   to hold the police chief individually liable for her son's death based on 
   his decision to hire defendant Hastings; plaintiff's evidence did not 
   establish the essential link between the hiring decision and the officer's 
   use of excessive force; stated differently, the evidence presents no 
   genuine issue of material fact that a plainly obvious consequence of the 
   hiring decision would be the officer's unjustified use of deadly force; 
   plaintiff's evidence failed to show the chief had notice that his training 
   and supervision were inadequate and likely to result in the use of 
   excessive force.