DISCLAIMER:  The following unofficial case summaries are prepared by the clerk's office
                        as a courtesy to the reader. They are not part of the opinion of the court.

181365P.pdf   03/06/2019  United States  v.  Mark Palmer
   U.S. Court of Appeals Case No:  18-1365
                          and No:  18-1367
   U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Missouri - St. Louis   
   [PUBLISHED] [Wollman, Author, with Gruender and Shepherd, Circuit Judges] 
   Criminal case - Criminal law. The Controlled Substance Analogue 
   Enforcement Act is not unconstitutionally vague, and the district court 
   did not err in denying defendants' motion to dismiss the indictment on 
   this ground; the statute's "knowingly or intentionally" scienter 
   requirement alleviates vagueness concerns by narrowing the scope of its 
   prohibition and limiting prosecutorial discretion; as-applied challenge to 
   the Act's constitutionality rejected; indictment alleged sufficient facts 
   to show defendant Palmer's knowledge that his conduct violated the Act.