181516P.pdf   04/10/2019  United States  v.  Alvin Houston
   U.S. Court of Appeals Case No:  18-1516
   U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Iowa - Davenport   
   [PUBLISHED] [Gruender, Author, with Wollman and Shepherd, Circuit Judges] 
   Criminal case - Criminal law and sentencing. Police pursuit in attempting 
   to seize a person does not amount to a seizure within the meaning of the 
   Fourth Amendment and because defendant did not submit when an officer 
   commanded him to wait, there was no seizure and the Fourth Amendment does 
   not apply; Terry stop was justified by defendant's flight from officers in 
   an area known for gun-related crime; further defendant was seen to hold a 
   weapon, giving officers reasonable suspicion criminal activity was afoot; 
   pat-down search was valid and removal of brass knuckles from defendant's 
   pocket was lawful; seizure of the brass knuckles gave officers probable 
   cause for arrest; ravine where handgun was found was beyond the curtilage 
   of defendant's property, and the officers' search of the area and the 
   seizure of a handgun did not implicate defendant's Fourth Amendment 
   rights; four-level enhancement to defendant's offense level under 
   Guidelines Sec. 2K2.1(b)(6)(B) upheld - see U.S. v. Walker, 771 F.3d 449 
   (8th Cir. 2014).