213149P.pdf   04/28/2023  United States  v.  Felix Forjan
   U.S. Court of Appeals Case No:  21-3149
   U.S. District Court for the Western District of Missouri - Springfield   
   [PUBLISHED] [Shepherd, Author, with Colloton and Grasz, Circuit Judges] 
   Criminal case - Criminal law. The district court erred in determining that 
   the police officer's mistake of law in deciding the vehicle tags were 
   expired was objectively reasonable, and the license plate tag did not 
   provide reasonable suspicion to initiate a traffic stop; nor did the 
   officer have reasonable suspicion to stop defendant for suspected drug 
   trafficking; however, the evidence was admissible under the attenuation 
   doctrine because the connection between the unconstitutional police 
   conduct and the seizure was broken by the officer's discovery that 
   defendant did not have a valid driver's license or proof of insurance; 
   further, the deterrence aspects of excluding the evidence did not outweigh 
   its substantial social costs; the district court did not err in denying 
   defendant's motions to withdraw his guilty plea; the record does not 
   support defendant's argument that his plea was not knowing and voluntary 
   because he could not hear or understand the proceedings; defendant's 
   argument that the plea hearing was insufficient under Rule 11 was 
   meritless. Judge Colloton, concurring in the judgment. Judge Grasz, 
   dissenting.