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                        as a courtesy to the reader. They are not part of the opinion of the court.

221463P.pdf   01/04/2023  James Brown  v.  Marc Linder
   U.S. Court of Appeals Case No:  22-1463
   U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Iowa - Eastern   
   [PUBLISHED] [Gruender, with Loken and Grasz, Circuit Judges] 
   Civil case - Civil rights. Plaintiff failed to adequately plead that 
   defendant's retaliatory actions were under color of state law; the bare 
   assertion that defendant identified himself as a professor at the 
   University of Iowa and acted within the scope of that employment when he 
   criticized plaintiff for his testimony in an unrelated civil case is not 
   enough to allege plausibly that defendant's conduct was state action.